PDGF-β and IL-18 Expressions on Carcinoma Cervical by Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Rostime Simanullang, Putri Situmorang, Laurena Ginting, Eka Tarigan, Rony Syahputra, Chairunisa Chairunisa and Muhammad Maliki

Background and Objective: Cervical cancer, along with lung and breast cancer, is one of Indonesia’s most aggressive gynaecological diseases. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa has antioxidant and antiproliferative properties that could be developed into herbal medicines for molecular therapy. The IL-18 and PDGF-β are tumour-promoting agent proteins that may be therapeutic targets for a variety of cancers that were investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Rats were classified into five groups: Group C- is the control group, Group C+ is the cancer model group and Group RHO200 is the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa 100 mg^–1 b.wt., rat group, Group RHO400 is the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa 200 mg^–1 b.wt., rat group and Group RHO400 is the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa 400 mg^–1 b.wt., rat group. The rats were dissected 30 days after receiving Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. Immunohistochemistry is used to stain cervical tissues. Results: The expression of IL-18 and PDGF-β was significantly different (p<0.01). The IL-18 and PDGF-β were most abundant at the lowest Rhodomyrtus tomentosa doses (100-200 mg kg^–1 b.wt.), while they were least abundant at the 400 mg kg^–1 b.wt., doses. Histological analysis revealed that the highest dose of IL-18 and PDGF-β expression reduced abnormal tissue and the space between tumours, followed by several carcinoma cells that stopped growing. Conclusion: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa can be used as a herbal therapy to reduce the expression of PDGF-β and IL-18 (two cancer marker agents).

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