Characteristic of Two Monosporascus species Associated with Vine Decline of Melon in Kurdistan Region Iraq

Rebwar Mustafa and Samir Abdullah

Background and Objective: The 2 species of the genus Monosporascus (M), Monosporascus cannonballus and Monosporascus eutypoides, were discovered and characterized in the rhizospheres of melon-producing fields in the Kurdistan area of Northeast Iraq. The primary objective of this study was to characterize and compare the morphology of Monosporascus cannonballus and Monosporascus eutypoides, both of which were isolated from sick melon roots and to evaluate their pathogenicity on melon seedlings. Materials and Methods: A study on vine decline disease was conducted from 2020 to 2022 in 198 cantaloupe fields in 44 locations randomly chosen from 11 districts of the Iraqi Kurdistan Regions. Estimation of disease prevalence based on plant visuals was made. Isolation from the roots was completed by morphological and molecular testing for isolates of Monosporascus cannonballus and Monosporascus eutypoides. Pathogenicity was tested on greenhouse-inoculated plants. The prevalence percentage was calculated and the results of PCR analysis were evaluated through standard statistical methods. Results: Fertile perithecia and globose smooth ascospores varying in color from dark brown to black were common features across melon field isolates and cultures resembling both Monosporascus cannonballus and Monosporascus eutypoides. Distinct variations in ascospore amount per ascus between the two species were detected. The ITS and LSU sections were amplified using designated primers, allowing for identification. Greenhouse investigations with artificial root inoculation demonstrated sensitivity to Monosporascus cannonballus and Monosporascus eutypoides, proving they are harmful to melon seedlings. Conclusion: The pathogenic effect of Monosporascus cannonballus and Monosporascus eutypoides on melon seedlings and revealed their presence in melon fields, giving important information for future studies and agricultural management.

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