Development of a Highly Efficient Callus Induction and Regeneration Protocol for Sugarcane using Apical Meristem

Sujittra Phamontree, Worasitikulya Taratima, Patcharin Songsri and Nakorn Jongrungklang

Background and Objective: Sterilized plants derived from apical meristem culture are proposed to overcome some disease problems in sugarcane. However, the success rate of this technique depends upon cultural media compositions. Thus, this study aimed to determine the optimum concentration of 2,4-D and light conditions on callus development derived from the apical meristem and to stimulate the development of sugarcane shoots and roots. Materials and Methods: The apical meristem of the KK3 genotype was used. A 5×2 factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 20 replications was assigned. Five concentrations of 2,4-D namely 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg L^–1 were assigned as factor A, while light and dark conditions were assigned as factor B. For a further investigation on the shoot and root regenerations, four concentrations of coconut water namely 0, 10, 20 and 30% (v/v) were applied in the MS media and were assigned in CRD with 20 replications. Results: MS media supplemented with 2 mg L^–1 2,4-D under dark conditions could generate the highest callus induction rate (100%), big callus sizes (0.72 cm) and a good callus weight (65.75 mg). A 10% of coconut water was the optimum concentration, yielding the most prolific shoots per callus (25 shoots), the longest shoots (4 cm) and the most prolific roots per callus (43 roots). Conclusion: Application of 2 mg L^–1 2,4-D under dark conditions provided the most effective callus induction of sugarcane and 10% (v/v) coconut water could generate the most prolific shoots and roots per callus.

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