Effects of Organic and Chemical Farming on Growth, Yield Components and Bioactive Compounds of Three Fragrant Thai Rice Varieties

Sumitahnun Chunthaburee, Chuthamat Phetphray, Apinya Malila, Krailerk Taweechue, Wuttichai Ritti and Supita Pulsombat

Background and Objective: The organic and chemical cultivation of rice impacts yield and important compounds in the rice grains. This research studied how organic and chemical rice cultivation affected the growth and yield of rice as well as the bioactive compounds in fragrant rice grains. Materials and Methods: Experimental design was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments and three replications. This experimental research utilized two factors. The first was three varieties of fragrant rice (Hom Bai Toey, Hom Chong Sakae and KDML105), while second was two rice planting systems (organic and chemical paddy fields), using the transplanting method with a spacing of 25×25 centimeters with three repetitions. Results: The three fragrant rice varieties grown in organic fields had lower plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, seed set percentage, and grain yield compared to those grown in chemical fields. However, the organic rice fields showed higher 2-AP contents and gamma-oryzanol in brown rice grains than chemically cultivated fields for the three fragrant rice varieties. The percentage of amylose under both cultivation systems ranged from 17.98% to 21.64%, with a decrease in amylose content reflecting an increase in GABA concentration. Conclusion: Organic and chemical cultivation affected rice growth and grain yield. Organic cultivation resulted in higher nutrition levels and bioactive compounds such as gamma oryzanol and 2-AP than chemical cultivation but this also depended on rice variety.

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