Pollination and Phenological Study of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone (Far North, Cameroon)

Munting Tii and Tchobsala

Background and Objective: Balanites aegyptiaca products are valuable resources for local African populations. However, the production of these products is low due to lack of knowledge on its pollination and phenology. To contribute to the development, sustainable management and socio-economic importance of this Sahelian species, a study was carried out in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroon. Materials and Methods: To achieve the set objectives, an approach combining two methods was adopted. The inventory of visiting agents, based on capture in two phases (diurnal and nocturnal) of the insects observed on the feet of B. aegyptiaca and an evaluation of the phenological phases based on the monitoring and counting of plant organs. Results: A total of 7 orders of insects (Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Dictyoptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera) have been identified on B. aegyptiaca. The Hymenoptera order is the most dominant with a higher number of insects. Balanites aegyptiaca is an evergreen species, keeping its greenery throughout the year. However, in the time interval from February to June, the foliage of this species experiences an exponential development in the number of leaves. The average number of flowers peaks in March in the study area. Under normal conditions, i.e., without human disturbance, B. aegyptiaca fructifies between June and September. Balanites aegyptiaca fruits are fully ripe and ready to be harvested between February and May (dry season) in dry areas. Conclusion: The results of this study will make it possible to improve the production of plant products and to plan the harvesting periods of the various plant products of B. aegyptiaca without harming the survival of the species.

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