Effect of Mixed Aqueous Extracts of Allium sativum, Annona muricata and Cymbopogon citratus Leaves on the Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of Hyperglycemic Rats

Ijioma Okorie, Chiemela Goodluck Ndubuisi, Amarachi Ihedinachi Onwuchekwa, Raymond Ade Adesanmi and Ngozi M. Nnam

Background and Objective: The dilapidating action of diabetes mellitus makes it a disease of major public health importance. The study was on the effect of mixed aqueous extracts of A. sativum, A. muricata and C. citratus, leaves on the blood glucose and lipid profile of hyperglycemic rats. Materials and Methods: The study adopted an experimental study design where 15 adult male Albino rats were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups and 1 non-treatment group, 5 rats in each group. The leaves were harvested and processed into aqueous extract using the standard method. About 1 g each of the extracts was dissolved in 10 mL of distilled water to make a stock of 100 mg mL^–1 of extract. Alloxan was used to induce hyperglycemia in rats. Treatment commenced once diabetes was established and lasted for 21 days. Blood glucose levels and lipid profiles were evaluated using standard methods. Statistical tool (ANOVA and DMRT) was carried out, while percentage difference was used to determine study effect. Results: The result revealed that the initial glucose level of the rats ranged from 57.80-69.60 mg dL^–1, their blood glucose level after induction ranged from 253.20-293.20 mg dL^–1. There was 14.93, 19.19 and 25.43% fall on days 7, 14 and 21, respectively, in the blood glucose levels of the rats after treatment with mixed aqueous extracts of the leaves, while the antidiabetic drug showed a 15.14, 25.17 and 61.19% decline on same days. The LDL level showed an 80.4% fall, while the was a 28.8% increase in the HDL level of the rats treated mixed aqueous extracts of the leaves. Conclusion: Mixed aqueous extracts of the leaves thus, is useful in anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activity as observed in the study and then could be used in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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